Chemistry Calculators

Molar Mass Calculator

Calculate the molar mass of a substance given the atomic masses of its components (simplified).

Molarity Calculator (M)

Calculate the molarity of a solution given moles of solute and liters of solution.

Ideal Gas Law (Pressure)

Calculate Pressure (P) using the Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT.

Boyle's Law Calculator

Calculate final pressure given initial conditions (P1V1 = P2V2).

Charles's Law Calculator

Calculate final volume given initial conditions (V1/T1 = V2/T2).

Density Calculator

Calculate density from mass and volume.

pH from H+ Concentration

Calculate pH given hydrogen ion concentration [H+].

pOH from OH- Concentration

Calculate pOH given hydroxide ion concentration [OH-].

Mass Percent Composition

Calculate the mass percent of a component in a mixture.

Dilution Calculator (M1V1=M2V2)

Calculate the volume needed for dilution.

Avogadro's Law Calculator

Calculate volume/moles changes (V1/n1 = V2/n2).

Gay-Lussac's Law

Calculate pressure/temp changes (P1/T1 = P2/T2).

Combined Gas Law

Solve for P2 using P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2.

Gibbs Free Energy

Calculate ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.

Specific Heat (q=mcΔT)

Calculate heat energy required.

Zero Order Rate Law

Calculate concentration at time t: [A] = [A]0 - kt.

First Order Rate Law

Calculate concentration [A] = [A]0 * e^(-kt).

Half Life (1st Order)

Calculate half life t1/2 = 0.693 / k.

Equilibrium Constant (Kc)

Calculate Kc for reaction aA + bB -> cC + dD (simplified for 1:1 stoichiometry).

Boiling Point Elevation

Calculate ΔTb = i * Kb * m.

Freezing Point Depression

Calculate ΔTf = i * Kf * m.

Osmotic Pressure

Calculate π = iMRT.

Nernst Equation (Potential)

Calculate cell potential at non-standard conditions.

Photon Energy (E=hf)

Calculate energy of a photon given frequency.

Wavelength to Frequency

Calculate frequency from wavelength (c=λf).

Henderson-Hasselbalch

Calculate pH of a buffer solution.

Ksp to Solubility (s)

Estimate solubility s for a 1:1 salt (s = √Ksp).

Percent Yield Calculator

Calculate percent yield from actual and theoretical yield.

Formal Charge Calculator

Calculate FC = Valence - NonBonding - (Bonding/2).

Bond Order Calculator

Calculate BO = (Bonding - Antibonding) / 2.

RMS Speed of Gas

Calculate Urms = √(3RT/M). Note: M in kg/mol.

Graham's Law (Rate Ratio)

Calculate Rate1/Rate2 = √(M2/M1).

Henry's Law (Solubility)

Calculate Solubility C = kP.

Arrhenius Equation (k)

Calculate rate constant k = A * e^(-Ea/RT).

Percent Error

Calculate |Actual - Theoretical| / Theoretical * 100.

Beer-Lambert Law (A=εbc)

Calculate Absorbance.

Dipole Moment (µ=qd)

Calculate Dipole Moment.

Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)

Calculate Zeff = Z - S.

Rydberg Equation (1/λ)

Calculate 1/λ = R * (1/n1² - 1/n2²).

Standard Entropy Change

Calculate ΔS° = ΣS°(products) - ΣS°(reactants) (Simple 1 prod - 1 react case).

Radioactive Half-Life (Time)

Calculate time elapsed given remaining amount.

Nuclear Binding Energy

Calculate Binding Energy E=dm*c^2.

De Broglie Wavelength

Calculate wavelength λ = h/mv.

Heisenberg Uncertainty (Position)

Calculate min uncertainty in position (Δx ≥ h/4πΔp).

Faraday's Law (Electrolysis Mass)

Calculate mass deposited m = (I*t*M)/(n*F).

Standard Cell Potential

Calculate E°cell = E°cathode - E°anode.

Entropy of Surroundings

Calculate ΔSsurr = -ΔHsys / T.

Molality Calculator (m)

Calculate molality m = moles solute / kg solvent.

Parts Per Million (ppm)

Calculate ppm = (mass solute / mass solution) * 10^6.

Parts Per Billion (ppb)

Calculate ppb = (mass solute / mass solution) * 10^9.

Normality Calculator (N)

Calculate Normality N = M * n (equivalence factor).

Mole Fraction (X)

Calculate mole fraction Xa = na / (na + nb).

Van der Waals Equation (Pressure)

Calculate Pressure using Real Gas equation.

Limiting Reagent (Moles)

Determine limiting moles (min(nA/a, nB/b)).

Theoretical Yield (Simple)

Calculate yield = limiting_moles * product_coeff * molar_mass.

Celsius to Kelvin

Convert Temperature from Celsius to Kelvin.

Kelvin to Celsius

Convert Temperature from Kelvin to Celsius.

ATM to Torr

Convert Pressure atm to Torr.

Torr to ATM

Convert Pressure Torr to atm.

Joules to Calories

Convert Energy J to cal.

Calories to Joules

Convert Energy cal to J.

pKa to Ka Converter

Calculate Ka = 10^(-pKa).

Ka to pKa Converter

Calculate pKa = -log(Ka).

pKb to Kb Converter

Calculate Kb = 10^(-pKb).

Kb to pKb Converter

Calculate pKb = -log(Kb).

Calculate pKb from pKa

Use pKa + pKb = 14 (at 25°C).

Ionic Strength (I)

Calculate I = 0.5 * Σ(ci * zi^2) for 2 ions.

Raoult's Law (Vapor Pressure)

Calculate P_sol = X_solv * P0_solv.

Lattice Energy (Approx)

Simplified proportional calc E ∝ (q1*q2)/(r0).

APF Calculator (FCC)

Return Atomic Packing Factor for FCC crystal.

APF Calculator (BCC)

Return Atomic Packing Factor for BCC crystal.

Bragg's Law (Angle)

Calculate angle θ = asin(nλ / 2d). (Result in degrees)

Average Atomic Mass

Calculate Avg Mass from 2 isotopes.

Degree of Unsaturation

Calculate DoU = C - H/2 - X/2 + N/2 + 1.

Buffer Capacity (Approx)

Beta ≈ 2.303 * (Kw/[H+] + [H+] + (Cbuf*Ka*[H+])/(Ka+[H+])^2). Simplified: Beta ≈ C_base if pH=pKa.

Calculate Activation Energy

Given k1, T1, k2, T2 calculate Ea.

Michaelis-Menten Kinetics

Calculate Rate V = (Vmax * [S]) / (Km + [S]).

Retention Factor (Rf)

Calculate Rf = Distance Spot / Distance Solvent.

Wavelength to Wavenumber

Calculate v~ = 1/λ (cm^-1).

Relative Atomic Mass

Compute Av = M / (1/12 * Carbon-12). Validating standard.

Specific Gravity

Calculate SG = Density Substance / Density Water.

Dilution Factor

Calculate DF = V_final / V_initial.

Turnover Number (kcat)

Calculate kcat = Vmax / [E]t.

Residence Time

Calculate τ = V / Q.

Catalytic Efficiency

Calculate Eff = kcat / Km.

Langmuir Adsorption

Theta = KP / (1 + KP).

Ionic Balance Checker

Check Sum(Cation) vs Sum(Anion).

Root Mean Square Speed

Calculate Vrms = sqrt(3RT/M).

Graham's Law Rate Ratio

Rate1/Rate2 = sqrt(M2/M1).

Bohr Model Energy

Energy of electron in level n: E = -2.178e-18 / n^2.

Osmolarity Calculator

Osmolarity = Molarity * Dissociation Particles.

Heat of Fusion Calculator

Calculate heat q = m * ΔHfus.

Heat of Vaporization

Calculate heat q = m * ΔHvap.

Bond Order Calculator

BO = (Bonding Electrons - Antibonding Electrons) / 2.

Neutron Counter

Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number.

Electron Shell Capacity

Max electrons in shell n = 2n^2.

Henry's Law (Solubility)

Concentration C = kH * P.

Rydberg Equation (Wavelength)

1/λ = R * (1/n1^2 - 1/n2^2). Returns λ in nm.

Effective Nuclear Charge

Zeff = Z - S (Shielding Constant).

Percent Error Calculator

% Error = |(Accepted - Exp) / Accepted| * 100.

Mass Flow Rate

Calculate m_dot = density * area * velocity.

Reynolds Number

Re = (rho * v * D) / mu.

Antoine Equation (Vapor Pressure)

log10(P) = A - (B / (T + C)). Returns P in mmHg.

Clausius-Clapeyron (2-Point)

ln(P2/P1) = (-ΔHvap/R) * (1/T2 - 1/T1). Solves for ΔHvap.

Percent Ionic Character

%IC = 1 - exp(-0.25 * (Xa - Xb)^2) * 100.