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The Earth rotates on its axis, completing one full turn every 24 hours. Because of this rotation, different parts of the world experience day and night at different times. To standardize timekeeping, the world is divided into longitudinal strips called time zones.
Ideally, there would be 24 time zones, each covering 15 degrees of longitude (360 degrees / 24 hours = 15). However, for political and geographical convenience, time zone boundaries are often irregular to keep countries or states within a single zone.
Fact: France has the most time zones of any country in the world (12), thanks to its various overseas territories.
You will often see these two acronyms used interchangeably, but there is a subtle difference:
In practice, for civil timekeeping, GMT and UTC are effectively the same current time, but UTC is the precise scientific definition used for computing offsets (e.g., UTC+5:30).
Daylight Saving Time (DST) is the practice of advancing clocks by one hour during warmer months so that darkness falls later each day according to the clock.
Clocks are set ahead 1 hour in spring. We "lose" an hour of sleep, but gain evening daylight.
Clocks are set back 1 hour in autumn. We "gain" an hour of sleep, returning to Standard Time.
DST can make converting time zones confusing because not all countries observe it, and those that do may start and end at different times.
No. Because of Daylight Saving Time shifts, the difference between two cities can change by an hour twice a year.
The date line is roughly at 180° longitude. Crossing it to the west adds a day; crossing to the east subtracts a day.
Zones like India (UTC+5:30) or Nepal (UTC+5:45) use fractional offsets to better align solar noon with their geography or for political unity.